详解雅思听力
——北京启德学府听力名师 陈老师
听力考试是考查我们被动接受声音信息的能力，要求能对于日常生活和学术或课堂等特殊场景的话语有充分的理解和反馈，而说话者在表达自己意思时会常用到一些谈话技巧和表达手段，聆听者需要对此做好准备，方能事半功倍，克敌制胜。以下是三个常见的解题技巧：
*信息重复
*附有陷阱的信息
*附有同义词的信息
◎ Remember the skills
*Listening Section 1 is always a dialogue. It may have two parts with a short break between these.
*The topic for Section 1 is social or general, with one speaker often seeking information from the other.
*The questions here are table completion and note completion, but there are other types of questions.
*There is always a sample answer at the start of Section 1.
*You will never need to write more than three words for each answer.
◎ How to approach
*Before the recording begins, read the questions carefully and try to predict the type of words you will need.
*You may be asked to spell a person’s name, or a place name in Section1. You must do this accurately. Practice saying and writing the letters of the alphabet.
*Be aware of expressions such as ‘double d’ as in middle or ‘capital S’ as in Singapore.
In any listening activity, the speaker will make it clear which ideas he wishes to emphasize by the way in which he presents them. In other words, the main ideas are cued. They are often cued by such semantic markers as: 列举要点：
Very often speakers list their main points. Other ways in which lecturers may cue their main points while speaking are by emphasis or repetition强调与重复; or perhaps by visual display视像展示 (e.g. by putting headings on a blackboard, overhead projector etc). Sometimes you will find that facial expression脸部表情 and gestures 手势of the lecturer point up his meaning (of course, you will not see these if you are crouched over your notes, scribbling away furiously!). However, you will not find many of these in IELTS Listening since only audio materials are available.
Often examples and points of lesser importance are also cued. The speaker may use such phrases as: 举例子
So, I will leave you for the following classifications of the markers:
(1) 列举要点The markers used for listing, such as:
firstly, in the first place, secondly, thirdly, my next point is, last/finally
(2) 因果关系Markers that show us the cause and effect relationship between two ideas:
so, therefore, thus (we see), because, since
(3) 举例子Markers which indicate that the speaker or writer is going to illustrate his ideas by giving examples:
for instance, for example, let's take ..., an example/instance of this was ...
(4) 转折用词Markers that introduce an idea which runs against what has been said, or is going to be said:
but, nevertheless, on the other hand, and yet, although
(5) 总结用词Markers which indicate that the speaker or writer is about to sum up his message, or part of it:
to summarize, in other words, what I have been saying is this, if I can just sum up
(6) 时间顺序Semantic markers used to express a time relationship:
then, next, after that, previously, while, when
(7) 表重要程度Markers used to indicate the relative importance of something:
it is worth noting, I would like to direct your attention to
(8) 解释重申Markers used to rephrase what has already been said, or to introduce a definition:
in other words, let me put it this way, to put it another way, that is to say
(9) 条件关系Markers that express a condition:
if, unless, assuming that, as long as, except
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