走近加拿大社区学院系列：（一） (2019-04-28 11:47:37)

不少人听过加拿大有社区学院，听中文名字会感觉挺Low（低端），因为一提学院，我们就马上条件反射出——不就是相当于国内大专吗？国内大专是什么情况，就业时如何被看待，相信不说，大家心里都知道。

加拿大的Community College是不是就等于国内大专呢？

Colleges and Institutes Canada (CICan) is the national, voluntary membership organization representing publicly supported colleges, institutes, cegeps and polytechnics in Canada and internationally.

Known previously as the Association of Canadian Community Colleges (ACCC), CICan continues to champion the innovations, applied research, international development, and the employment or entrepreneurial opportunities that are created by its member institutions and partners all over the world.

CICan’s members work with industry and social sectors to train learners of all ages and backgrounds at over 670 locations serving urban, rural, and remote communities across Canada. The association is committed to quality education and skills development opportunities for all Canadians as a means to maximize labour market participation and support Canada’s prosperity.

来源：https://www.collegesinstitutes.ca/what-we-do/about/

以上是一个针对加拿大学院设立的专门为学院搭建就业平台的一个非盈利网站。

加拿大社区学院准确来说分为College和Institute，我们国内统称它们为“学院”

加拿大学院在加拿大基本都是政府出资，并且在整个加拿大教育系统中起着承上启下、中流砥柱的作用。

绝大部分学院授予课程都包含了：2年文凭、3年高级文凭、4年学士、1年-2年研究生文凭。学院规模越大，开设项目越多。一些较大型的学院规模甚至超过了一些基础类大学（Undergraduate University）的规模。

拿其中一所学院的专业来看。位于加拿大首都渥太华，整个城市仅有的一所政府公立学院亚岗昆学院（Algonquin College）

Full-time（全日制）专业：238个

Part-time （非全日制）专业：102个

4年本科学士：17个（12个配有Co-op1，带薪实习）

专业包括：Bachelor of Automation and Robotics (Honours)(Co-op) 自动化与机器人学士，Bachelor of Information Technology (Photonics and Laser Technology) (Co-op)信息技术学士（ 图片处理及镭射技术方向），Bachelor of Interior Design (Honours) (Co-op) 室内设计学士等

3高级文凭：23个（移民计分与本科一致，可见国家对此文凭含金量的认可度）（6个配有Co-op）

专业包括：Animation 动画，Advertising and Marketing Communications Management 广告与市场营销传媒管理，Dental Hygiene 口腔卫生，Medical Radiation Technology 医疗放射技术，Game Development游戏开发等。

2年文凭：101个（18个专业配有Co-op）

研究生文凭：61个（5个专业配有Co-op）

其余未有Co-op标志的专业要么有非带薪实习，要么是短期实地实习。

从以上数量中可以看出，学院开设的专业非常具体可见，实习也让学生们更容易进入当地企业，大部分毕业生在毕业前已找到全职工作。为居留在加拿大迈出了重要一步。

以下我们再看一个最普通的文凭专业学习内容：

我随便挑了专业列表中排在第一个的专业（专业按首字母排序）：
Aircraft Maintenance Technician 飞机维修技师

This two-year Ontario College Diploma program provides students interested in pursuing a career in the aircraft maintenance industry with the necessary knowledge and skills. Recent growth in the aviation sector combined with higher than usual retirement rates have prompted many employers and manufacturers to revise hiring projections and are predicting a shortage of skilled and licensed Aircraft Maintenance Engineers (AMEs). 随着航空业发展加上加拿大人口正常退休率已促使大量雇主以及制造商修改用人计划，预计熟手和拥有飞机维修工程师（AMEs）资格证的缺口加大。

Graduates with a prescribed academic standing are eligible for accreditation by Transport Canada, which provides an 18-month experience credit towards a Transport Canada AME license. 达到规定学术成绩的毕业生都被加拿大交通部（Transport Canada）认可，并提供18个月工作经验，此经验计分可用于申请加拿大交通部飞机维修工程师资格。Graduates of the program may find work with aircraft maintenance organizations, aircraft manufacturing, research and development, and component repair and overhaul shops. Many employers recognize completion of a Transport Canada accredited program with higher pay due to the increased training experience.大部分雇主均认可加拿大交通部认可的课程并因这个培训经历愿意支付员工更高薪酬。

Graduates may find employment as an aircraft maintenance technician in areas of local, regional and national manufacturing, maintenance, repair and overall of aircraft and components. 毕业生通常作为飞机维修技师可以在本地，本省乃至全国的制造、保养、维修整机或配件方面的企业工作。

The graduate has reliably demonstrated the ability to: 毕业生将拥有以下能力：

1. Inspect and service aircraft systems utilizing current and relevant theories and principles.
2. Inspect, test, troubleshoot and repair aircraft and components. 检查、测试、排查及维修飞机和零件。
3. Perform scheduled and unscheduled inspections on aircraft systems, structures, instruments, and related components to airworthiness standards.
4. Install aircraft engines, parts, components and structures as part of routine and unscheduled maintenance.
5. Diagnose malfunctions or other problems in aircraft systems, structures, instruments, and related components using technical manuals, technical drawings and standards of performance and safety.
6. Complete structural and non-structural repairs and modifications by following applicable procedures and safety precautions, and meeting airworthiness standards.
7. Perform component analysis using appropriate measuring devices to determine wear and fatigue repair or replacement tasks in order to maintain the aircraft`s airworthiness and safety.
8. Perform maintenance, repair and modification procedures on aircraft systems, structures, instruments, and related components to maintain aircraft safety and airworthiness.
9. Dismantle and reassemble airframes, aircraft engines and other systems for inspection and repair.
10. Interpret written instructions, schematics, manufacturer`s specifications, technical drawings, manuals, and computer based information while performing routine and unscheduled tasks.
11. Maintain detailed inspection, repair, maintenance, and certification records and reports to meet Canadian aviation regulations and logbook requirements.
12. Perform all duties in a manner that ensures adherence to Canadian aviation regulations, airworthiness standards and workplace safety.
13. Identify and apply discipline-specific practices that contribute to the local and global community through social responsibility, economic commitment and environmental stewardship.

来源：https://www.algonquincollege.com/sat/program/aircraft-maintenance-technician/#overview

以上，我们可以看到，学院一个两年的项目，学习内容是完全针对具体岗位展开的。不是所有学生都要成为科学家才有出路。社会结构本来就需要十分多一线岗位。各司其职。如果学生在完成了2年文凭后，想继续深造，可以继续修读本科学位。下一次，我们继续探讨。

1. Co-op：带薪实习。是加拿大教育一大特色。学生在读书期间可以通过Co-op获得课堂以外的工作经历，通常聘用学生的企业都需要经过学校审核，严格符合一定要求才能成为学校提供带薪实习的企业。除此之外，学生还能获得收入，既减轻留学费用负担更是增加了个人成就感。未未来求职就业打下坚实基础。

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